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BIO-FERTILIZER (OVERVIEW, EFFECT ON TEA, APPLICATION PROCESS, PRODUCTS & DOSES)

1.   Introduction : Chemical Fertilizer is the main source of nutrients of the Tea Plants for better yield indeed. But our ecological system does not permit any plants to intake nutrients directly from chemical fertilizers. All Plant needs nutrients in their solubilised from which is being done by few microbes in field always.  That has been identified by our modern agriculture science and suggested for Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) instead of Chemical farming alone. As the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture not only resulting  the reducing productivity of Soil but also it  has resulted in several environmental problems like ozone layer depletion, poor soil health, due to the decline in natural microflora and acidification of water.

To overcome these problems application of biofertilizers has been found effective. Generally the biofertilizers are beneficial microorganisms involve in breakdown of organic matter, Nitrogen fixation, and secretion of growth promoting substances. They also supply nutrients to the plants, control soil borne diseases and maintain the soil structure in cultivable fields. Intensive research has been done to find out the usefulness of this aspect in the tea plantations.

2.   Effect on Tea: Certain group of bacteria and fungi are considered as bio-fertilizers in tea and they are freely available in top soil and usually associate with plants having symbiotic relationship. These organisms receive nutrients from the plant tissue and in turn supply the required nitrogen and phosphorus to plants. The following group of bacteria and fungi are major bio-fertilizers available in tea soil.

Nitrogen fixing bacteria (N₂) Although N₂ is abundant (around 80%) the atmospheric N₂ is not readily available for plant uptake and some bacteria are capable of N₂ fixation from the atmospheric N₂ pool. Many free living N₂ fixing bacteria occur in soil. Some have adapted to form symbiotic association with plants. The amount of N₂ fixed by these organisms is considerable because of the close proximity they have with their host plant. Efficient plant use of field N₂ minimizes volatilization, leaching and denitrification. The major types of nitrogen fixing bacteria are Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Frankia.                                          

For tea productivity Azosprillum is the most efficient for increasing the nutrient enhancement in the seedlings. The genus Azospirillum is an effective root colonizer and its use is not limited by host specificity. Azospirillum is free living in soils so that it can be cultured and produced in artificial medium. When adding Azospirillum to your soil, it work on the root zones of your plants, then the Azospirillum bacteria reproduce and multiply on the root hairs and create little swollen bumps called root nodules. It is inside these nodules these little bacteria fixes the atmospheric nitrogen and makes it available to a plant which is very beneficial to the plant’s health. The commercially available Azospirillum also can be used at the rate of 5g/ seedling,  however it depends on the required population of infective propagules and strains which have positive response to the host.  Azospirillum stimulates the density and length of root hairs, increases the growth through hormonal production, increases biomass, increases survival rate and fixes nitrogen.

Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) for tea PSB plays a major role in the solubilization and uptake of native and applied soil. Phosphate is essential for early establishment and better growth of plants. Most of the Indian soils are deficient in P and its requirement is met by the addition of phosphate fertilizers in the form of aluminium or iron phosphate. But these fertilizers are becoming expensive and may have adverse effect on tea. Hence, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria have to be used as they play an important role in the utilization of unavailable native phosphate by bringing about changes in soil producing chelating agents and organic acids. Generally Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Streptomyces are involved in P solubilization. This bacteria have to be isolated from the soil and cultured under laboratory conditions with a suitable medium. However, the commercially available PSB also can be used at the rate of 5g/seedling.

Potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) regulates the permeability of the cellular membrane. It activates number of enzymes, like alcohol dehydrogenise and its deficiency decreases photosynthesis. KMB plays a vital role in the formation of amino acids and proteins from ammonium ions, which are absorbed by roots and soils. Potash mobilizing bacteria increases the resistance of tea plants to hot and dry conditions and insects, pest & diseases.

 Application:

Ø  Application  of all Bio fertilizers must be in soil either broadcasting or spraying.

Ø  Bio-Fertilizers works well if the soil contains organic matters. So use Vermi Compost or FYM along with Bio-Fertilizer.

Ø  It is always provide better result if Bio-fertilizer be mixed with Vermi Compost / FYM and kept under shade for 2-3 days before application to soil as this increases the quantity of microbes double in every 12 hours.

Ø  Broadcasting or Spraying preferably be done late in the afternoon to avoid sunlight.

Ø  Separate Container should be used for Bio-Fertilizers and before spray the container should be washed carefully.

Ø  Once open use whole pack immediately and use pack within its validity period.

Ø  Do not mix any Bio-Fertilizer with chemical fertilizer/pesticides and fungisides.

Ø  Apply Bio-Fertilizer at least 7 days before or after application of chemical fertilizer/pesticides/fungicides.

4.   PRODUCTS:

Astha Azospi

Astha Azospi  is neutral carrier based microbial inoculants consisting of 1 x 107 of Azosprillum Sp.

Composition:
1x 10⁷ cells of Azospirillum Sp./gm Of carrier and activated charcoal ( May Contain Moisture up to 40 % ) for powder form.

 1x 10⁷ cells of Azospirillum Sp./ml Of carrier and liquid carrier for liquid from.

Dosage:

Method of use	Doses
For Nursery	Mix 250gms / 250ml of Astha Azospi with 50 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure. Keep the mixture under shade for 2-3 days and broadcast the mixture to nursery thereafter.
Soil Applicaion	Mix 2.5kg./2.5Ltr of Astha Azospi with 100 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure and broadcast to 1 Acre of area.
Spraying	Mix 5 ml. of Astha Azospi with 1 liter of water and spray the same on evening.

Available Packing:  Dust – 100 gm, 500 gm, 1 Kg. , Liquid – 100 ml. , 500 ml. , 1 Ltr.

Astha Azo

Astha Azo  is neutral carrier based microbial inoculants consisting of 1 x 107 of Azotobactor Sp.

Composition:
1x 10⁷ cells of Azotobactor Sp./gm Of carrier and activated charcoal ( May Contain Moisture up to 40 % ) for powder form.

 1x 10⁷ cells of Azotobactor Sp./ml Of carrier and liquid carrier for liquid from.

Dosage:

Method of use	Doses
For Nursery	Mix 250gms / 250ml of Astha Azo with 50 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure. Keep the mixture under shade for 2-3 days and broadcast the mixture to nursery thereafter.
Soil Applicaion	Mix 2.5kg./2.5Ltr of Astha Azo with 100 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure and broadcast to 1 Acre of area.
Spraying	Mix 5 ml. of Astha Azo with 1 liter of water and spray the same on evening.

Available Packing:  Dust – 100 gm, 500 gm, 1 Kg. , Liquid – 100 ml. , 500 ml. , 1 Ltr.

Astha PSB

Astha PSB is a netural carrier based microbial inculants consisting of 1×107 of phosphate solubilising microbes.

Composition:
1x 10⁷ cells of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria/gm Of carrier and activated charcoal ( May Contain Moisture up to 40 % ) for powder form.

 1x 10⁷ cells of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria/ml Of carrier and liquid carrier for liquid from.

Dosage:

Method of use	Doses
For Nursery	Mix 250gms / 250ml of Astha PSB with 50 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure. Keep the mixture under shade for 2-3 days and broadcast the mixture to nursery thereafter.
Soil Applicaion	Mix 2.5kg./2.5Ltr of Astha PSB with 100 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure and broadcast to 1 Acre of area.
Spraying	Mix 5 ml. of Astha PSB with 1 litter of water and spray the same on evening.

Available Packing:  Dust – 100 gm, 500 gm, 1 Kg. , Liquid – 100 ml. , 500 ml. , 1 Ltr.

Astha AZO- PSB

Astha AZO-PSB is a natural carrier based microbial inoculants consisting of Azotobacter sp, Azospirrillum Sp. & Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria.

Composition:
1x 10⁷ cells of Azotobactor Sp., Azosprillum Sp and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria/gm Of carrier and activated charcoal ( May Contain Moisture up to 40 % ) for powder form.

 1x 10⁷ cells of Azotobactor Sp., Azosprillum Sp and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria /ml Of carrier and liquid carrier for liquid from.

Dosage:

Method of use	Doses
For Nursery	Mix 250gms / 250ml of Astha AZO-PSB with 50 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure. Keep the mixture under shade for 2-3 days and broadcast the mixture to nursery thereafter.
Soil Applicaion	Mix 2.5kg./2.5Ltr of Astha AZO-PSB with 100 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure and broadcast to 1 Acre of area.
Spraying	Mix 5 ml. of AsthaAZO- PSB with 1 litter of water and spray the same on evening.

Available Packing:  Dust – 100 gm, 500 gm, 1 Kg. , Liquid – 100 ml. , 500 ml. , 1 Ltr.

Astha BIO-NPK

AsthaBio NPK is the mixture of some most powerful organisms (Azotobacter, Azospirilurn, PSB, and PMB) which has the capability of dissolving, insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus and potash in soil and vendors those insoluble nutrients Available to plants by the action of Organic acid produced. It also helps to provide nitrogen to the plant. It produces biologically active metabolites like vitamins, indole acetic acid, gibberellins, cytokynins which promotes plant growth.

Composition:

1×10⁷  cells of Azotobactor Sp./ml of carrier.

1×10⁷  cells of Azospirilurn Sp./ml of carrier.

1×10⁷  cells of PSB/ml of carrier.

1×10⁷ C cells of PMB/ml of carrier and liquid carrier.

Dosage:

Method of use	Doses
For Nursery	Mix 250ml of Astha BIO-NPK with 50 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure. Keep the mixture under shade for 2-3 days and broadcast the mixture to nursery thereafter.
Soil Applicaion	Mix 2.5Ltr of Astha BIO-NPK with 100 Kgs of vermi Compost/Organic Manure and broadcast to 1 Acre of area.
Spraying	Mix 5 ml. of Astha BIO-NPK with 1 litter of water and spray the same on evening.

Available Packing:  250ml. 500ml and 1 Ltr.

Why Astha Organic Fertilizer is Best For Organic Farming?

Astha Neem Products are Best for Agricultural Applications

Organic Fertilizers Astha Neem Super (Neem seed cake)

Neem Cake Astha Neem Supar has an adequate quantity of NPK in organic form for plant growth

• Its Contains    

– N (Nitrogen 2.0% to 5.0%)    

– P (Phosphorus 0.5% to 1.0%)    

– K (Potassium 1.0% to 2.0%)  

– Ca (Calcium 0.5% to 3.0%)    

– Mg (Magnesium 0.3% to 1.0%),    

– S (Sulphur 0.2% to 3.0%)    

– Zn (Zinc 15 ppm to 60 ppm)    

– Cu (Copper 4 ppm to 20 ppm)    

– Fe (Iron 500 ppm to 1200 ppm)    

– Mn (Manganese 20 ppm to 60 ppm)    

– It is rich in both sulphur compounds and bitter limonoids.

• Astha Neem Super (Neem seed cake) also has the capacity to reduce alkalinity in the soil by producing organic acids which help in removing the alkalinity of the soil.

• The calcium and magnesium in the Neem Cake also aid in removing alkalinity

• Astha Neem Super is 100% natural and it is compatible with soil microbes, improves rhizosphere micro-flora which ensures the fertility of the soil

• It improves the organic matter content of the  soil, helping improve soil texture, water holding  capacity, and soil aeration for better root development.

Astha Neem Super is a best Denitrification Product

• The oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) in the microbially mediated process of nitrification has long been recognized as a key nitrogen transformation process in soil–plant systems.

• Several reports show impact of nitrification on other N-transformation processes such as NO3-leaching and reduction of NO3_ to gaseous N compounds (denitrification) that can reduce the availability of N for crop production.

• The impact of the nitrification process itself and subsequent reduction of NO3_ on the release of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, a key greenhouse gas, has also been widely studied.

• Better timing of fertilizer N, splitting of N inputs and use of chemicals to block nitrification in soils are strategies that have been advocated to reduce N losses.

• Meliacin in neem helps to blocks soil bacteria from converting nitrogenous compounds into nitrogen gas (acts as a nitrification inhibitor) thereby prolongs the availability of nitrogen to both short duration and long duration crops.

Astha Neem Super as Soil pest management:

• Astha Neem cake organic manure protects plant roots from nematodes, soil grubs and white ants probably due to its residual limonoid content.

• Astha Neem Super is widely used in India to fertilize paddy, cotton and sugarcane.

Using Astha Neem Oil in pest management:

• Neem extracts can influence nearly 200 species of insects

• Some of these pests are resistant to pesticides, or are inherently difficult to control with conventional pesticides (floral thrips, diamond back moth and several leaf miners).

Biological impacts of Astha Neem Oil::

• Insect growth regulation: Azadirachtin has a unique property of working on juvenile hormone. The insect larva feeds and when it grows, it sheds the old skin and again starts growing (ecdysis or moulting) which is governed by an enzyme called ecdysone. When the Azadirachtin enter the body of larvae, the activity of the is suppressed and the larva fails to moult, remains in the larval stage and ultimately dies. If the larva escapes this stage due to sub lethal dose, it would be malformed/sterile in the pupa or adult stage.

ecdysone

• Feeding deterrent: The most important property of neem is feeding deterrence.  The Azadirachtin, Salanin and Melandriol create a vomiting sensation in the insect body which prevents them eating. Sometimes, the swallowing is also blocked.

• Oviposition deterrent: Prevents female insects from depositing eggs. When the seeds or grains are treated with neem seed kernel extract or neem oil Astha Killer, the insect will not feed on them and when female comes to the egg laying period of its life cycle, egg lying is prevented.

• Formation of chitin (exoskeleton) is inhibited

• Mating as well as sexual communication is disrupted

• Larvae and adults of insects are repelled

• Adults are sterilized

• Larvae and adults are poisoned.

Astha Neem Oil use against different pests::

•   Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, etc): Astha Killer 30 is a widely used neem products act as    antifeedants. Several species of these insects refuse to feed on these plants    treated with neem for several days to several weeks. Recently it has also been discovered that neem products Astha Killer 30 convert the gregarious swarms of locusts to solitary forms.

•   Homoptera (Cicadas, Aphids, Scale insects, leafhoppers, etc): In leaf hoppers and    plant hoppers neem products Astha Killer 15 show considerable antifeedant and growth    regulating effects. Scale insects are not much affected. In some cases, the host    plant may influence the degree of control; this seems to apply to some white flies.    The ability of certain homopterous insects to carry and transmit viruses is also influenced infecting rice fields with tungro virus.

by Astha killer. Low doses prevent the green rice leaf hopper from

•   Thysanoptera (Thrips): Astha Neem Super is very effective in controlling thrips larvae which are found in the soil. Their effect is moderate when used on adult thrips and related pests found on plants. Astha Killer neem oil is more effective as it    suffocates these tiny creatures.

• Coleoptera (Beetles and weevils): Larvae of all kinds of beetles refuse to feed on plants treated with Astha Killer 30. Their growth is retarted and some soft skinned ones are killed on contact.

• Lepidoptera (Moths, skippers, millers and butterflies): Neem products act as growth deterrents in the case of the larvae of most lepidopterous pests.  They also act as anti-feedant.

• Diptera (Flies): Insects like fruit flies, face flies, bot flies, house flies and horn flies are affected by Astha neem products.

• Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps, sawflies, ants etc): larvae of sawflies exhibit the antifeedant and growth regulatory effects.

• Heteroptera (bugs): Astha Neem products exhibit antifeedant and growth retardant properties on bugs like rice bugs etc and vegetable bugs.

• Plant viruses: besides insecticidal properties, Astha NeemSuper is also a promising agent for control of curl of chillies. Astha Neem Oil will interfere with transmission of rice tungro virus; reduce transmission of tobacco mosaic virus which is a serious pest of vegetable crops.

plant diseases. Astha Killer reduces the incidence of Yellow Vein Mosaic (YVM) of okra, yellow mosaic of grain legumes and leaf

•• Fungi: neem exhibits antifungal properties. It prevents powdery mildew when sprayed before the outbreak of the disease. When treated with neem,  Aspergillus flavus do not produce aflotoxins.